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Measuring and Reporting
Various guidelines have been developed for reporting and measuring GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions by companies and organizations. There is no global accounting standard.
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Verifying GHG emissions
In October 2009, the IAASB (International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board) issued a consultation paper - Assurance on a Greenhouse Gas Statement - to enhance reporting. The paper is the first step in developing a new assurance standard on greenhouse gas (GHG) statements.
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Carbon tax
Some countries already impose a carbon tax in a bid to reduce GHG emissions in their economy. It is likely that South Africa will impose a carbon tax to be effective before 2012. National Treasury has established a working group looking at a carbon tax on emissions. It is believed that the government will implement a comprehensive carbon mitigation and adaptation strategy, supported by appropriate economic instruments like a carbon tax, in the 2011/12 fiscal year.
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Carbon Trading
Emission markets, or carbon markets, were first formalised through the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 in which 175 countries agreed on establishing market mechanisms and trading plans to reduce global carbon emissions.
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Carbon Sequestration
'It is simple and easy to increase the organic matter content of soil and so sequestrate carbon dioxide from the air...' - Allan Yeomans
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